W u - w e i
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The Nondoing Concept
Maybe the nondoing
concept ( wu-wei) is the most important. More important than
Tao, which could be intuited, than Yin and Yang, which
express abstract relations. Its importance results from the fact that it's
directly connected to an essential idea of the philosophical Taoism:
the adaptation to time exigencies, to changing! The whole
metaphysics of the ancient Taoism is focused on this point, which, let's
make a clear breast, doesn't include anything metaphysical! The best explanation for the Sinologists' world (specialists
who study Chinese culture) of the term Nondoing we find again at
Alan Watts. We quote from this prolific author:
"…The Nondoing principle (wu-wei) shouldn't be
interpreted as inertness, idleness, laissez-faire or mere passivity…"
"So, wu-wei, meaning not to force (things) means not acting
against nature, to move the same direction with the blow, to swim to the
watercourse, to trim your sails to the wind, to follow the waves'
somersault or to bend, to incline in order to be successful".
"This way, wu-wei is the lifestyle of that person who
follows Tao and should be understood first of all as a form of
intelligence - that of being aware of the principles, structures and
tendencies of the human activity and of the natural phenomena so well that
you could use a minimum amount of energy when you have to deal with
them". (Alan Watts, "Dao - the Watercourse-Way").
Unfortunately, despite the incontestable seduction of these
explanations, they are still incomplete. Because Nondoing is not a
life technique applicable to any circumstance, as it seems to
result from what Alan Watts wrote. Nondoing has to be
connected to Doing, if we wish to be consistent to the Taoist
logic. Adaptation to reality, as we have already mentioned, has as an
exigency a sort of flexibility of our behavior, which doesn't remain
stiff, but emulates the requirements of the moment. But even Lao-tzu is not an unconditional partisan of
Nondoing, if we take into account the fact that he spent part of
his life at the Court of Chou sovereign, as an archivist. Then he
left this position, but not because he wanted to go into exile, but
because life at Court was corrupted, in a time when political and social
hypocrisy reached its maximum in ancient China. Lao Tzu's gesture
is otherwise eloquent: when the time is right, it is proper to serve
the sovereign, when not - back out!
So, Nondoing should be regarded as a complement of
Doing and not as a virtue or as an absolute model of life! This
aspect is totally ignored by Alan Watts and not only by him. Max
Kaltenmark, one of the most well known Sinologists, is also far from
this obvious thing. Not to mention Sima Qian himself, the historian
of the Chinese classicism, who also limits Taoism (Lao Tzu's
philosophy) to the ideas of seclusion from public life, of monastic life
etc.
Paper by Jean Chiriac |
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