Westerners are generally in a hurry, so they have greater extremes of happiness and suffering. The fact that they have much kilesa (defilements), can be a source of wisdom later on.
To live the lay life and practise Dhamma, one must be in the world but
remain above it. Sila [virtue], beginning with the basic five precepts, is the
all important parent to all good things. It is for removing all wrong from the
mind, removing that which causes distress and agitation. When these basic things
are gone, the mind will always be in a state of samadhi.
At first, the basic
thing is to make sila really firm. Practise formal meditation when there is the
opportunity. Sometimes it will be good, sometimes not. Don't worry about it,
just continue. If doubts arise, just realise that they, like everything else in
the mind, are impermanent.
From this base, Samadhi will come, but not yet
wisdom. One must watch the mind at work - see like and dislike arising from
sense contact, and not attach to them.
Don't be anxious for results or quick
progress. An infant crawls at first, then learns to walk, then to run and when
it is full grown, can travel half way round the world to Thailand.
Dana
[generosity], if given with good intention, can bring happiness to oneself and
others. But until sila is complete, giving is not pure, because we may steal
from one person and give to another.
Seeking pleasure and having fun is never-ending, one is never satisfied. It's like a water jar with a hole in it. We try to fill it but the water is continually leaking out. The peace of the religious life has a definite end, it puts a stop to the cycle of endless seeking. It's like plugging up the hole in the water jar!
Living in the world, practising meditation, others will look at you like a gong which isn't struck, not producing any sound. They will consider you useless, mad, defeated; but actually it is just the opposite.
As for myself, I never questioned the teachers very much, I have always been a listener. I would listen to what they had to say, whether it was right or wrong did not matter; then I would just practise. The same as you who practise here. You should not have all that many questions. If one has constant mindfulness, then one can examine one's own mental states – we don't need anyone else to examine our moods.
Once when I was staying with an ajahn I had to sew myself a robe. In
those days there weren't any sewing machines, one had to sew by hand, and it was
a very trying experience. The cloth was very thick and the needles were dull;
one kept stabbing oneself with the needle, one's hands became very sore and
blood kept dripping on the cloth. Because the task was so difficult I was
anxious to get it done. I became so absorbed in the work that I didn't even
notice that I was sitting in the scorching sun dripping with sweat.
The
ajahn came over to me and asked why I was sitting in the sun and not in the cool
shade. I told him that I was really anxious to get the work done, "Where are you
rushing off to?" He asked. "I want to get this job done so that I can do my
sitting and walking meditation." I told him. "When is our work ever finished?"
he asked. Oh! ...This finally brought me around.
"Our worldly work is never
finished," he explained. "You should use such occasions as this as exercises in
mindfulness, and then when you have worked long enough just stop. Put it aside
and continue your sitting and walking practice."
Now I began to understand
his teaching. Previously, when I sewed, my mind also sewed and even when I put
the sewing away my mind still kept on sewing. When I understood the ajahn's
teaching I could really put the sewing away. When I sewed, my mind sewed, then
when I put the sewing down, my mind put the sewing down also. When I stopped
sewing, my mind also stopped sewing.
Know the good and the bad in travelling or in living in one place. You don't find peace on a hill or in a cave; you can travel to the place of the Buddha's enlightenment, without coming any closer to enlightenment. The important thing is to be aware of yourself, wherever you are, whatever you're doing. Viriya, effort, is not a question of what you do outwardly, but just the constant inner awareness and restraint.
It is important not to watch others and find fault with them. If they behave wrongly, there is no need to make yourself suffer. If you point out to them what is correct and they don't practise accordingly, leave it at that. When the Buddha studied with various teachers, he realised that their ways were lacking, but he didn't disparage them. He studied with humility and respect for the teachers, he practised earnestly and realised their systems were not complete, but as he had not yet become enlightened, he did not criticise or attempt to teach them. After he found enlightenment, he recalled those he had studied and practised with and wanted to share his new-found knowledge with them.
We practise to be free of suffering, but to be free of suffering does not mean just to have everything as you would like it, have everyone behave as you would like them to, speaking only that which pleases you. Don't believe your own thinking on these matters. Generally, the truth is one thing, our thinking is another thing. We should have wisdom in excess of thinking, then there is no problem. When thinking exceeds wisdom, we are in trouble.
Tanha [desire] in practice can be friend or foe. At first it spurs us
to come and practise - we want to change things, to end suffering. But if we are
always desiring something that hasn't yet arisen, if we want things to be other
than they are, then this just causes more suffering.
Sometimes we want to
force the mind to be quiet, and this effort just makes it all the more
disturbed. Then we stop pushing, and samadhi arises. And then in the state of
calm and quiet we begin to wonder - what's going on? What's the point of it? ...
and we're back to agitation again!
The day before the first Sanghayana, one
of the Buddha's disciples went to tell Ananda: "Tomorrow is the Sangha council,
only arahants may attend." Ananda was at this time still unenlightened. So he
determined: "Tonight I will do it." He practised strenuously all night, seeking
to become enlightened. But he just made himself tired. So he decided to let go,
to rest a bit as he wasn't getting anywhere for all his efforts. Having let go,
as soon as he lay down and his head hit the pillow, he became enlightened.
External conditions don't make you suffer, suffering arises from wrong understanding. Feelings of pleasure and pain, like and dislike, arise from sense-contact – you must catch them as they arise, not follow them, not giving rise to craving and attachment – which is in turn causing mental birth and becoming. If you hear people talking, it may stir you up, you think it destroys your calm, your meditation, but you hear a bird chirping and you don't think anything of it, you just let it go as sound, not giving it any meaning or value.
You shouldn't hurry or rush your practice but must think in terms of a
long time. Right now we have `new' meditation; if we have `old' meditation, then
we can practise in every situation, whether chanting, working, or sitting in
your hut. We don't have to go seeking for special places to practise. Wanting to
practise alone is half right, but also half wrong. It isn't that I don't favour
a lot of formal meditation ]samadhi] but one must know when to come out of it.
seven days, two weeks, one month, two months - and then return to relating to
people and situations again. This is where wisdom is gained; too much samadhi
practice has no advantage other than that one may become mad. Many monks,
wanting to be alone, have gone off and just died alone!
Having the view that
formal practice is the complete and only way to practise, disregarding one's
normal life situation, is called being intoxicated with meditation.
Meditation is giving rise to wisdom in the mind. This we can do anywhere, any time and in any posture.
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