The original text of the 'Stages of the Path of the Great Vehicle': THE
LAMP FOR THE PATH TO FULL AWAKENING Sanskrit: Bodhipathapradipam
Tibetan: Byang-chub-lam-gyi-sgron-ma ("Lam-dron") by the great Indian
Pandit Dipamkara Shrijnana Atisha, "Jowo-je"
Notes by webmaster in [brackets].
Obeisance of the translator from Sanskrit into Tibetan: Homage to
the Awakening Warrior, youthful, refined and glorious Manjushri.
HOMAGE AND PROMISE TO EXPLAIN
To all Conquerors [Buddhas] of the three times, to the Truth of Dharma and to
the Spiritual Aspirants, with great respect, I pay homage. Being urged by
the good disciple Changchub O, I shall elucidate the Lamp for the Path to Full
Awakening.
THE THREE SPIRITUAL SCOPES
Know that the three spiritual scopes as being small, mediocre and supreme.
So that their characteristics will be quite clear, I shall write down what
distinguishes each. Anyone who, by whatever means, seeks to procure for
himself happiness merely in cyclic existence is known as an individual of the
lowest scope. He who turns his back on the happiness of transitory existence
and turns himself away from the actions of evil, he who seeks for just his own
peace is an individual known to be of mediocre scope. Anyone who, realizing
the suffering pertaining to his own being, wishes for the total elimination of
the suffering of others is a person having supreme scope. For these highest
beings who aspire for the supreme awakened state, I shall explain the perfect
method as taught by the spiritual masters.
ETHICAL DISCIPLINE (Shila)
Before paintings, statues and so forth of the Totally Awakened Being
[Buddha], (as well as) reliquaries and the sacred Dharma offer flowers, glowing
incense and any objects one has recieved just as related in the 'Conduct of the
Entirely Good Samantabhadra' as well as in the 'Seven-fold Offering'. With a
mind never turning from the limit of the essence, complete awakening, out of
great faith in the Three Rare and Supreme Jewels, while kneeling on bended knee,
with palms placed together first go for refuge three times. Then at the
outset, out of a mind of pure love for every sentient being, look at each and
every one of [sentient] beings, who all suffer from death, transmigration
[bardo], birth in the three bad destinies [animal, preta and hell] and the like.
Out of the suffering - suffering, suffering [of change] and [all-pervasive]
suffering - and the wish to free living creatures from its cause, activate the
awakening mind [Bodhicitta] that vows never to turn back. The excellent
qualities produced by such an aspiring mind are explained well by Maitreya, the
Loving One in the 'Adorned Tree Discourse'. Read that discourse or hear from a
master the limitless excellences of the complete awakening mind. Be aware of its
aspects and then, with this as your reason, generate this mind again and again.
In the 'Discourses Requested by Suradata' the meritoriousness of it is
elaborated very well. At which juncture, I shall quote here just three
stanzas:
"If whatever merit of the awakening mind were to be form, it would fill
every realm throughout space and would come to exceed even that.
Realms of Buddha-fields, as many as the number of sand-grains in the
Ganges, a person may fill them all with jewels and offer them to the
Protectors of the transitory world;
Yet should anyone join his palms to direct his mind to full awakening,
this offering is particularly noble: it is without any limit."
Having activated the mind that aspires to fully awaken, constantly make an
effort to enhance it. In order to recall it in subsequent lives as well,
thoroughly safeguard your practices as it is taught. Unless one binds
oneself to the venturing mind [aspirational bodhicitta], one's perfect
aspiration will never increase. Therefore, one who wishes to enhance the
bond with complete awakening, should try and make sure to accept it. One who
is already endowed with a vow of the seven categories of Individual Liberation
[pratimoksha] can receive the bond of an Awakening Warrior; others not. From
the seven categories of Individual Liberation vows that were expounded by the
Ones Thus Gone [Buddha], those of pure conduct are supreme: (the highest is)
correctly asserted as the bond of a fully ordained monk. In accordance with
the ceremony expounded in the 'ethical discipline chapter' of the 'Awakening
Warrior's Levels', accept the bond from a good spiritual master who has perfect
characteristics. Anyone skilled in the ceremony of the bond, abiding in the bond
himself, competent in bestowing the bond and compassionate is known as a
qualified master. However, if you have tried and failed to find a master such as
this, I shall explain a correct procedure for taking the bond other than that.
As in previous times when Manjushri was King Ambaraja, the way he activated
his heart to awakening is explained in the 'Discourse Ornamenting the
Buddha-field of Manjushri'.
Here I shall write most clearly in accordance with that: be in the presence
of the Protectors for activating the complete awakening mind:
Keep as your guests all living beings to release them from cyclic
existence; A malicious mind, a mind of anger, avarice and envy, these
should never occur from now until the attainment of complete awakening.
Act in pure conduct. Work at abandoning evil and desire. Be joyful
in your bond with ethical discipline. Emulate the practices of Buddha, the
Awakened One. Be not inclined to attain full awakening by a quick means
just for yourself, but (be prepared to) remain until the extreme end (of time)
for the cause of even a single sentient being. Prepare for (the attainment
of) pure realms, boundless and beyond imagination. Work to be known by
your name and to abide purely throughout the ten directions. Always be
pure in deeds of body and speech and also pure in the activity of the mind.
Never commit unwholesome actions. Maintaining oneself in the bond
through the aspiring mind is the cause of purifying one's body, speech and
mind.
If these three ethical trainings are practised well, one's respect for the
three ethical trainings will increase. Thus, abiding by the bond of an
Awakening Warrior with perfect completeness, through effort will fulfill the
accumulations for complete awakening.
MEDITATIVE CONCENTRATION (Samadhi)
The cause of fulfilling the accumulations which are in the nature of physical
merit and pristine awareness is said by all Awakened Beings to be the generation
of heightened awareness. Just as a bird whose wings have not developed is unable
to soar in the sky, one who lacks the power of heightened awareness is unable to
benefit sentient beings. Whatever merit accumulated in a day and a night for one
who is endowed with heightened awareness cannot be gained in even a hundred
lifetimes for someone lacking heightened awareness. Those wishing to quickly
complete the accumulations for full awakening will gain the heightened
awarenesses by exerting an effort to do so: not by being lazy. (However,)
without accomplishing tranquil absorption heightened awareness will never arise.
Therefore exert an effort again and again to accomplish tranquil absorption.
Yet even if one meditates with great effort for thousands of years while the
contributing factors for tranquil absorption are weakened, meditative
concentration will never be attained. Therefore maintain these factors well as
expounded in the chapter of the 'Accumulations for Concentration'. Place the
mind virtuously on any single object. When the yoga of tranquil absorption is
attained, heightened awareness will also be attained.
METHOD AND WISDOM
To be lacking in the practice of transcendent intelligence [gnosis] will not
eradicate mental obscuration. So in order to discard every emotional disturbance
and mental obscuration to omniscience, meditate constantly on the yoga of
transcendent intelligence conjoined with the method. The method separate from
wisdom, and wisdom separate from the method also, are [both] taught to [result
in] bondage [to cyclic existence], so do not forsake either. What
constitutes "wisdom"; what constitutes "method"? To eliminate any doubt, I
shall clarify the proper distinctions between method and wisdom. Aside from
transcendent intelligence, every kind of virtuous practice such as that of
transcendent generosity is explained by the Conquerors as being the method. By
the power of acquaintance with the method and by (the awakening mind) itself,
anyone who meditates on discriminating intelligence will quickly attain full
awakening, (but) not through meditating on non-self-existence alone.
DISCRIMINATING INTELLIGENCE (Prajna)
Being aware of the emptiness of natural existence, which involves the
realization that the aggregates, sensory spheres and bases are not created, is
the full explanation of what constitutes "wisdom". It is impossible for existent
entities to be created and also non-existence is like a flower in the sky. Since
fallacies consequently will be present for either, both together can never
arise. Things are not created from themselves, nor from others, nor from
both, nor from no cause. Therefore, essentially they have no nature in
themselves. Furthermore, when one analyses all phenomena as unitary or
multiple, being essentially unapprehensible (as such), one will ascertain that
they lack any nature of their own. The reasons in such texts as (Nagarjuna's)
'Seventy Emptinesses' and his 'Fundamental Treatise on the Middle Way' show that
the nature of all things is established as being empty. Because this text would
become too extensive, I will not elaborate any further here. I just mention it
to establish my tenets and to explain it properly for meditation. Thus the
nature of every single phenomenon is unapprehensible. Whatever constitutes the
meditation on non-self existence is the meditation of discriminating
intelligence. Just as discriminating intelligence does not see any nature in all
phenomena, mentally analyse that intelligence itself (and) meditate on that
without any conceptualising. As worldly existence arises from conceptualization,
it is itself a conceptual thought. Therefore, the discarding of every
conceptualization is the supreme state beyond sorrow. Furthermore, Buddha
the Endowed Destroyer has similarly stated:
"Conceptualization, the great ignorance, throws one into the ocean of
cyclic existence. Dwell in non-conceptualising meditative concentration,
clear, without concepts, like space."
Also he has said in the 'Mystic Recitation of Engaging in
Non-conceptualization':
"O Son of the Conqueror, in this high practice of Dharma, if one
contemplates non-conceptually on appearance, one will transcend the
difficult to pass conceptions and gradually will come to non-conceptuality."
Once you have attained through such scriptural sources and reasoning that
phenomena - by lacking a nature of their own - in their entirety are uncreated,
meditate without conceptualising.
THE SPIRITUAL PATHS AND LEVELS
In this way, when one has meditated on Thusness, gradually, from attaining
(the stages of the spiritual paths) such as "Warmth," (the spiritual levels of)
the "Greatly Joyous" and so forth will be attained and the full awakening of a
Buddha will not be far away.
THE TANTRIC PATH
By the activities of peacefulness, increase and so on that are accomplished
only by the power of mantra and also by force of the eight great
accomplishments, such as the siddhi of the auspicious vase, one can complete the
accumulations for full awakening. If one wishes to blissfully practise the
secret mantra as expounded in the tantras of Action, Performance and so on,
then, for the bestowal of a qualified master's empowerment, one should offer
gains, service, valuables and so on and carry out his words and the like so that
by all means one makes the venerable master delighted. When the tantric master
is well pleased, the full bestowal of an accomplished master's empowerment will
give one the fortune to achieve actualization which, in its nature, is pure of
all evil. As it is clearly reflected in the 'Great Tantra of the Primary
Buddha', the bestowal of the secret wisdom empowerment should not be (actually)
taken by a celibate practitioner. Since one would be following a rejected
practice, were one to hold that empowerment, while maintaining the pure conduct
of an earnest practitioner, the vows of celibacy will be transgressed; the
earnest practitioner will receive the downfall of defeat. In doing so, he [or
she] will surely fall into a bad destiny without any accomplishment whatsoever.
(However,) listening to and teaching all tantra, making fire offerings, giving
pujas and so on is without fault for one has received the master's empowerment
and is aware of Thusness.
CONCLUSION
The venerable elder Shri Dipamkara, having seen explanations from the Dharma
in the 'Discourses' and so forth, in being requested by Chang Chub O, has made
this brief explanation of the path to full awakening.
The Lamp for the Path to Full Awakening, composed by the great master
Dipamkara Shri Jnana, the "Glorious Illuminator of Primordial Awareness," is
complete.
COLOPHON
Translated and settled into Tibetan from Sanskrit by the Indian abbot
Dipamkara Shri Jnana and the Tibetan translator, the monk Gewai Lodro (Dge-ba'i
blo-gros). Translated into English from Tibetan by Gonsar Tulku and Brian C.
Beresford in accordance with the instructions of the Tibetan Lama Geshe Rabten
(May 1975, Jan 1976, May 1978). Slightly edited by Rudy Harderwijk.
